Wings Academy
General Music • Mr. Mbagwu • Unit 3: The Business of Music
100%
Unit 3 • Week 2 • Lesson 7

Sound Engineering

The People Behind the Sound You Love
📅 Thursday, February 5, 2026 ⏱ 45 Minutes 🎧 General Music • Period 3
⏰ Do Now • 5 Minutes

Close Your Eyes and Listen...

You will hear two versions of audio. Listen carefully to the differences.

Version A — Raw
🎤

Unprocessed — dry, flat, no effects applied

Version B — Produced
🎧

Mixed & mastered — EQ, reverb, compression, stereo width

Both versions play the SAME melody — the only difference is engineering (EQ, reverb, compression). Works offline, no internet needed.

On your index card, write:

1. Which version sounds "better"? Why?
2. What SPECIFIC differences do you hear?
3. What do you think makes the difference?

5:00
Time Remaining
Today's Goals

I Can...

Three Engineers, One Song

🎤 Recording Engineer

Captures the performance

Sets up microphones, adjusts levels, works directly with artists in the booth. Makes sure every take sounds clean.

Salary: $25K-$80K
(Source: Berklee Career Guide, 2024)

🎛 Mixing Engineer

Balances the tracks

Takes all recorded tracks (vocals, drums, bass, etc.) and blends them. Adjusts volume, panning, EQ, and effects so everything works together.

Salary: $30K-$150K+
(Source: Berklee Career Guide, 2024)

💎 Mastering Engineer

Final polish for release

The last step. Optimizes the final mix so it sounds great on ALL speakers — earbuds, car stereo, stadium PA. Makes it radio/streaming-ready.

Salary: $40K-$200K+
(Source: Berklee Career Guide, 2024)

🎬 Virtual Studio Tour
Inside Mark Ronson's Studio — How "Uptown Funk" Was Recorded
Engineer Ricky Damian walks through the studio, equipment, and recording process with Bruno Mars
Verified ✓ | Clean Content

If video does not load: Open directly on YouTube

Key Vocabulary

Click each term to reveal its definition

DAW
Digital Audio Workstation — software used to record, edit, and produce music (e.g., Pro Tools, Logic Pro, Soundtrap)
tap to reveal
EQ
Equalization — adjusting the balance of frequencies (bass, mid, treble) in a recording
tap to reveal
Mixing
Combining multiple audio tracks into a stereo or surround sound product, adjusting levels and effects
tap to reveal
Mastering
The final step — optimizing the completed mix for distribution across all playback systems
tap to reveal
Panning
Placing sounds in the left or right speaker to create width and space in a mix
tap to reveal
Reverb
An effect that simulates the sound of a space (room, hall, cathedral) — adds depth and atmosphere
tap to reveal
Compression
Reducing the dynamic range — making quiet parts louder and loud parts quieter for a more consistent sound
tap to reveal
Multitrack
Recording each instrument/voice on its own separate track so they can be edited and mixed independently
tap to reveal
📚 Case Study
🎧
Young Guru
Mixing & Recording Engineer • Roc Nation

Gimel "Young Guru" Keaton is one of the most respected engineers in Hip-Hop history. He has been Jay-Z's primary mixing engineer for over two decades, shaping the sound of albums from The Blueprint to 4:44. Beyond mixing, he teaches music technology at NYU and MIT, believing that knowledge should be shared with the next generation.

Career Span
20+ years with Roc-A-Fella / Roc Nation
Notable Work
Jay-Z, Beyonce, Rihanna, Kanye West
Education Focus
Guest lecturer at NYU, MIT, and Spotify studios
Key Quote
"The engineer is the most important person in the room that nobody knows about."

Sources: Billboard, 2019 • RBMA Lecture Series • NYU Tisch School

The Engineering Pipeline

Recording
Mixing
Mastering
When: During the session
When: After all tracks recorded
When: After mixing is done
Focus: Capture clean audio
Focus: Balance all tracks together
Focus: Optimize for all speakers
Tools: Microphones, preamps, DAW
Tools: DAW, EQ, compression, reverb
Tools: Limiters, EQ, stereo imaging
Analogy: Taking the photos
Analogy: Editing the photos
Analogy: Printing the final album
Works with: Artists directly
Works with: Recorded tracks
Works with: Final stereo mix
✍ Guided Practice • 15 Minutes
TOKiMONSTA "Rouge" — Track Deconstruct | Guitar Center

Watch the producer isolate each layer, then hear them combined. Focus: Equipment visible? How does each track change the sound?

Studio Observation Worksheet

Watch the clips with your partner, then complete each section:

Part 1: Equipment ID

What equipment do you see? What does each piece do?

Part 2: Role ID

Which type of engineer is working? How do you know?

Part 3: Before & After

Listen to the raw track vs. the mixed track. What changed?

Part 4: Reflection

Could you see yourself doing this work? Why or why not?

15:00
WORK TIME
🎯 Exit Ticket • 8 Minutes

Exit Ticket

6 Points • Classwork (40%)
Question 1 • 3 Points

Name the THREE types of sound engineers and explain what EACH one does in one sentence.

Question 2 • 3 Points

Young Guru said: "The engineer is the most important person in the room that nobody knows about." Do you agree or disagree? Explain your reasoning using something you learned today.

Multiple means of expression: Written • Verbal share with Mr. Mbagwu • Audio recording

Coming Tomorrow

Music Marketing &
Social Media Strategy

How did Daddy Yankee build a global brand? How does an artist go from unknown to viral? We'll study the marketing playbook behind the biggest names in music.

"Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart."
— Colossians 3:23

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